At present, the building exterior wall insulation material is one of the important items of interior decoration materials sampling inspection, which is not unrelated to its frequent fire accidents. For example, the CCTV building fire is derived from the use of non-flame retardant organic insulation materials. These materials will produce more smoke and toxic gases due to incomplete combustion and pyrolysis when they cause a fire, and most people inhale smoke and toxic gases to suffocate in a fire accident. Therefore, the fire risk caused by the building exterior wall insulation material is extremely high, which is easy to cause heavy casualties. The author combines the work experience to talk about the cause of the fire and the countermeasures to prevent it. Analysis of the causes of fire in 1. exterior wall insulation materials. First, the industry standard is not perfect and the product quality is uneven. At present, the production and use of external insulation materials are chaotic. The organic insulation materials currently used in the construction field mainly include polystyrene board (EPS), extruded board (XPS) and polyurethane (PU). Its biggest advantage is light weight, heat preservation and good heat insulation. The biggest defect is poor fire safety, easy to aging, easy to burn. The former two are widely used because of their low price, and the latter is slightly better in terms of thermal conductivity, construction performance and combustion performance. The industry standard of external wall thermal insulation materials is not perfect, and there are loopholes in the management of individual manufacturers. The external thermal insulation materials produced can not meet the requirements of building fire protection design, and the fire resistance rating and fire resistance limit can not meet the national standard. After the product is put on the market, it lays a congenital potential safety hazard for building fire accidents. Second, the construction period is long, the work site hidden dangers. For the construction industry, energy-saving insulation is a national policy, and wall insulation is an important means to achieve building energy conservation, so the application of building insulation materials is very extensive. In reality, the construction period of high-rise buildings, large stadiums and other buildings is generally two to three years, and various construction processes cross each other and management is inconvenient. Individual managers ignore the investigation and rectification of fire hazards on site and the setting of temporary water for fire fighting, and focus all their energy on catching up with the construction period and reducing costs.

During the long construction period of two to three years, there are many combustible materials on the job site, which makes it difficult to find fire hazards in time. The external wall insulation material has the characteristics of extremely fast spreading speed, hidden burning, and difficult to control once it catches fire. It is very easy to cause major personnel and property losses due to the carelessness of the on-site personnel. Third, the cost of qualified materials is high, and the construction unit is shoddy. Ji Guangqi, a researcher at the Institute of Building Fire Protection of the Chinese Academy of Building Sciences, once said in a CCTV program "Building Insulation Materials Flammable and Worrying": "In fact, I see a lot of insulation materials now, whether it is polystyrene or hard foam insulation Paper is not up to standard, that is, B3 pole, all belong to flammable materials. Basically on fire, it is easy to cause a fire. Extruded board, for example, meet the fire standards than the price of flammable extruded board more than twice as expensive." At present, thermal insulation materials are divided into four grades: (non-combustible), B1 (non-combustible), B2 (combustible) and B3 (flammable). There are two types of inorganic thermal insulation materials and organic thermal insulation materials. The former is non-combustible, but the thermal insulation effect is poor, with only about 20% of the market share. The latter is characterized by good thermal insulation effect, but easy to burn, occupying 80% of the market. Therefore, it is necessary to add a certain amount of flame retardants to the material to make it meet the standards, and flame retardants are expensive. In order to maximize profits, many businesses add less flame retardants, and some even do not add them. Individual construction units deliberately purchase inferior insulation materials, shoddy, cost-saving, and inadequate fire supervision, it is easy to muddle through. The fire prevention countermeasures of 2. external wall insulation materials are to improve the public's cognitive level of external insulation materials and achieve scientific prevention. From the perspective of reality, it is impossible for people to completely deny its use in buildings because some external insulation materials are combustible. In fact, the key lies in how to use it safely and standardized. If the use of external wall insulation materials is standardized, the supervision of external wall insulation materials is strengthened, the fire fighting measures are complete, and the safety awareness is improved, the vast majority of fires caused by external wall insulation materials can be prevented. At present, a large number of new buildings in China use organic external insulation materials, such as molded polystyrene board, extruded polystyrene board and foamed polyurethane. Their thermal insulation performance is better than most inorganic materials, is the mainstream of building insulation materials.

However, in terms of material properties, they have a low ignition point and are flammable. If a large number of such flammable thermal insulation materials are wrapped in the building, they will inevitably leave fire hazards to the building. Therefore, the relevant departments must strengthen the fire management of such buildings, and improve the public's scientific understanding of these materials, so as to achieve scientific prevention. The second is to strictly manage the construction site and eliminate potential safety hazards. A domestic statistical report pointed out that about 25% of the fires involving building insulation materials occurred during the stacking of insulation materials, 65% occurred during the laying of insulation materials, and less than 10% occurred in the construction put into use. It can be seen that the construction process of building wall insulation is a high risk period of fire. The regulatory authorities should strengthen the standardized management of building exterior wall insulation material production enterprises, construction enterprises and building insulation material market, carry out wall insulation system certification, and introduce permits, insurance and other systems to improve the safety of building wall insulation." When carrying out fire supervision and inspection, the fire department should convey the awareness of fire prevention to the management personnel of the construction site, and also require the construction site to ensure that each working face has a fire water source in case of fire. Only strict construction site management, in order to maximize the elimination of fire safety hazards. Three is to update and improve all kinds of fire fighting and rescue equipment, enhance the ability to attack. At present, China's fire equipment "long high" speed far behind the building "long high" speed.

According to statistics, in recent years, there are more than 100 super high-rise buildings in China, and a number of them are under construction. Combined with the characteristics of high-rise building exterior wall insulation material fire with great destructive power, great difficulty in fighting and fire spreading channels, the fire department can consciously purchase turbojet fire engines, high-spray fire engines and ladder fire engines according to the government's fire control planning and the actual situation of regional economic development, and use high-end high-end equipment to enhance the emergency rescue and attack combat capability of fire forces, so as to quickly extinguish exterior wall insulation material fires and prevent mass casualties. In short, the extensive use of building exterior wall insulation materials, making building fire protection problems should not only consider the internal fire protection of the building, but also consider the external fire protection of the building. Only by carefully drawing lessons from domestic fire accidents, recognizing the root causes of fires caused by external wall insulation materials, and taking practical and effective measures, the city's fire safety can be based on the safety of people's lives and property can be guaranteed.